Research Conclusion

In this paper, the electric potential limit constant has been introduced as a hypothesized new fundamental physical constant, and its theoretical consequences for spacetime structure and classical electrodynamics have been systematically explored. On this basis, the formal structure of Special Relativity has been extended from the real domain to the complex and biquaternion domains, leading to a broader mathematical framework termed Electrodynamic Spacetime Relativity (ESR). Within this formulation, standard Special Relativity and Electric Potential Relativity naturally emerge as two limiting sectors of a more general, unified structure.

Based on this geometric framework, a nonlinear electromagnetic theory compatible with Electric Potential Relativity has been developed. Within the assumptions of the present model, the theory is strictly formulated so as to preserve generalized gauge invariance while retaining the absolute invariance of electric charge and the fine-structure constant. The resulting modified Coulomb's law predicts a nonclassical short-distance behavior of the effective interaction. Consequently, for the idealized point-charge model considered in this work, the corresponding electromagnetic field self-energy is naturally regularized to a finite value.

The present framework also predicts macroscopic electric-potential-induced time dilation, redshift, and lensing-like effects, and suggests concrete experimental tests, including the concepts of an electric-potential telescope and an electric-potential Michelson interferometer. In this sense, the theory may provide a profound new perspective for examining the relationship between spacetime geometry and electromagnetic phenomena under extreme potential conditions.

At the same time, the broader implications of this framework for gravitation, quantum-scale physics, and related foundational questions remain open. These issues are not resolved in the present paper and require further rigorous investigation. The main result of this work is therefore not the completion of an ultimate unified theory, but the construction of a self-consistent model framework in which the electric potential limit constant hypothesis successfully leads to a finite electromagnetic field self-energy for the idealized point-charge model, along with a set of associated theoretical consequences that merit further exploration.